The ethics of videogames

Key Links
http://xbox360.ign.com/dor/objects/14293226/nba-2k10/videos/nba2k10_vdr_v2.html
Video Review

http://xbox360.ign.com/dor/objects/14293226/nba-2k10/videos/nba2k10_vdr_v2.html Xbox 360, XBOX 360 review

http://orange.half-life2.com/hl2.html The Orange Box, Info

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatures_in_the_Half-Life_series#cite_ref-2 , Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Creatures in the Half-Life series

http://www.gamespot.com/pc/action/halflife/images.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=gsbottomnav&tag=quicklinks;images Game Spot, Half-Life Images

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-Life_(video_game) Wikipedia, Half-Life (video game)

Key Books and Articles

Craig Alan Anderson, Douglas A. Gentile, Katherine E. Buckley - Games - Oxford University Press (2007)
Mainly Focus on the influence of violence videogame can bring.

Barry Atkins, More than a game, Gritty realism: reading Half-life, 2003
The analysis of different game in the book are convincing and distinct.

Mark J. P. Wolf,Bernard Perron, The video game theory reader, Playing at Being, 2003
GIve me a brief understanding of that video game industry affecting people's ideology.

Stéphane Natkin, Video games and interactive media: a glimpse at new digital entertainment, Preface, 2006

Geoff King, Tanya Krzywinska,Tomb raiders and space invaders: videogame forms and contexts,I.B.Tauris, 2006
This book focuses on key formal aspects of video games and the experiences and pleasures offered by the activities they require of the player.


Case Study

• Maker of the game: Orange Box



• Name: Half Life



• First released :1998
  



• Detail :

1. Provide:
   Valve Software--constructing the model
   Steam Platform--Allow players to exchange information through texts, voice, images etc.
   



2. Expansion: three expansions: Opposing Force, Blue Shift, and Decay



3. Game’s setting
   Protagonist was called Dr. Gordon Freeman. He is a physicist. Once he has failed an experiment, then an unexpected "resonance cascade" happened. After that, there was lots of alien life-forms from other worlds (Vortigaunts, Headcrabs, human-liked) in his working country. The place he worked was a secret underground research facility which is in New Mexico. The name of it is Black Mesa Research Facility.



4. Story’s background
   Someone said that it was Simulating a possible near-future environment.People there is experiencing the new century.
   This game's story makes knowing references in popular genre, however, it generated a totally new model for the game-fiction.

• Interesting Part:

1. Innovation of narrating



2. This game valued both immersive action and story telling which is unusual for the other games. It uses scripted sequence rather than cut scene.



3. Key Quote: "Increase immersion and to maintain a smoothly-flowing experience that keeps the player's interest”



4. Because of its innovation in the story telling, the protagonist follow the chapter flow and can seldom be interrupted.



5. The story progress neither depends on the levels nor grading between scene to scene. It is quite a special different from the other games.



6. The “Boss” in the game is not expected as they occasionally appear in chapters
   Therefore it is a very fluent story which gives player a sense of compact and tight.



7. Players are then easily indulged into the videogame's virtual world.
   



8. Innovation of acting the protagonist
   As it is a first person shooting game, you are him and can see what he sees.It is a first-person perspective, so you never see character’s face and voice



9. Ways to play



10. To be people's hero and to attack the alien invaded. As the plenet's sources are depleted and populace are reduced, you are the only can use power to fight against the invaders. When all friends count on you, the things to do is to save the place and confront all the invaders furiously.

• Key issues the videogames raised



• Keyquote: As..."Violencecontent in video game is criticized, which is related to ‘moral panic’ subject...‘computer games cause violence’ discourse is mostly psychology-based "
  ---Flew, Terry and Humphreys
• We have the duty to look at those issues. First of all, we have consider the following points in order to have a brief understanding of the problems Half life has given.
  Questions here...
  Does Half Life offer us a fictional world…
  With Moral?
  With Ethical complication of the adult world?
  With anything mistaking?
  Teaching people to be reliable as being a hero? Or by contrast, to betray and be violent in order to survive, to rescue?
  We can explore them by considering at three aspects.
  1)Freedom for choices
  2) The imitation of real world
  3)Use of real person’s characteristic

1. Freedom for choices
   •The only way to survive in such a danger planet, to save the place is to use weapon
   •Generally, most of the people will chosse to survive by seeking help from others or cooperating with another
   •But…in this game, if you want to open a crucial doorway and the game terminates to escape, you should first sacrifice someone; kill a scientist, soldier of guard
   •In videogame....these is no accommodation of humane motives



2. The imitation of the real world
   •Techonology provide us an virtaul wolrd but with a real historical background. Like the Black Mesa Research Facility is similar to Los Alamos National Laboratory.
   •The protagonist studied in University of Innsbruck which is a real school in the real world.
   •It (somehow) sways players impression and understanding towards the actual world.
   Key Quotes:Technology”…leading to a view of the world that always satisfies the player/ spectators. The danger is the use of this knowledge to control customer habits, moral attitudes, or political viewpoint.”
   --- Stéphane Natkin
   Analysing this quote:
   • Customer Habits : to express, to voice there feeling, to vent
   • Moral Attitudes : Use of violence is an heroic attitude?
   • Political Viewpoint : The enemy against our land, the New Mexico??



3. Use real person’s characteristic as the game’s players
   •The sophistication of character’s feature easily makes people get indulge into this virtual world
   •correlate the affairs happen in the game with the real world
   •It is challenging people’s origin
   
   
   

Cory Arcangel: super-Mario Clouds

A work of art by Cory Arcangel



The original videogame: Super Mario




Features of the game:
-The clouds and the eyes-catching blue sky are came from the Mario Brothers
-Clouds slowly move from right to the left / left to right
-All the main characters in the Super Mario have been removed, although they are the significant subject leading players to play the game
-The background music,which is supposed to make player more filing into the game, is removed too
- The audience/players can only imagine they are playing the Super Mario videogame when looking at the slow motion of the clouds which illustrating you are moving in that digital world

Art or not?Why?
I think it can be called as an art. Firstly, the image is still appealling, like the nice contrast of the white and blue, although most of the character used to appear in the Super Mario is missing. Secondly, it makes me think when I can JUST look at the moving clouds in such a slow motion. It is which could also allow me to have enough space and time to remind my memories and emotion when I am playing the Super Mario. This is the new idea and perspective for me to look at a videogame.

Are Digital games art?

a)Art is......
-"purchased in art galleries by art intellectuals"
-"criticized by art critics"
-"concerved in art museums"
-"not sold in any toy shops"
-"an interactive medium"
-"not formulaic"(should be original: exception appropriation taking other art; re-presenting in a new way to create new meanings)
-"aesthetically interesting"

I mostly agree the last one that art should contain aesthetic quality.
It is not acceptable to feel disgusting and horroble in a so called work of art.
Pleasure should be aroused in percepting an art.

b)To be considered as art, videogames need.....
- content to give people a new idea or messages
- aesthetic qualities to give people sense of pleasure
- to make people feel things
- to outweigh its consideration of utility and saleability
- to do something that other art forms will do
- to have an artist who has received adequate publie recognition
- to do something to pursuade people to believe it is an art form

Computer games is art as it creates new depiction of images,new meaning to us.

Game revolution

a)According to the film, what are some pros and cons of playing videogames for individuals and sociteties?


Pros for individuals:
-Widen one's horrison/ range of knowledge
-Players can be educated through videogames
-One can feel relax when playing videogames
-People's emotion can be expressed through images of the screen
-Player's speed of think is fasten and improved
-Change players mind of thinking


Pros for societies:
-Our world can be constructed in a better way in the digital realm.
-It can have a more hamonous atmosphere as people can easily speak through the media. Their pain can be released. Less complain is produced.


Cons for individual:
-Players can do whatever they want in the videogames to become more violent
- Violent part of human's brain is activated when people playing videogames
-Some kind of ideology is built like Racism
- People is difficult to distinct the reality and virtual world as both of them look very similar when containing common elements like practical materials and emotion arouse

Cons for society:
-People is addicted to the videoames, therefore, less time can be spent on dealing social issues
-The surrounding environment in society becomes the parody and satire. People make copy the affairs happened and make fun of it
-People treat things not in a serious manner


It is also worthy for us to think if games should be more like fantasy and less like real world war.


















Beatles' MTV in a digital format